" Global Competition for the Planning of Canberra - Australia's National Capital

Global Competition for the Planning of Canberra - Australia's National Capital


Global Competition for the Planning of Canberra - Australia's National Capital

The Canberra competition both reflected and helped to define the modern town planning movement. The Canberra competition occurred just as modern town planning took form. It was a period when many theories of the ideal modern city contended for favour, and the Canberra competition offered an opportunity to apply these theories to an actual site. An extensive literature on the subject already existed. Several English, American, and German textbooks set forth planning principles and illustrated examples of past failures and successes. Two journals wholly devoted to town planning, the German Der Stadtebau and the English Town Planning Review, published reviews of current developments. Other publications addressed to professionals in architecture, engineering, surveying, and landscape architecture also carried frequent articles about planning.

Many continental cities held competitions to select designs and designers for urban expansion projects, and some British cities also followed this practice after the passage of the nation's first town planning legislation in 1909. In America, consultants prepared to elaborate plans for improving and enlarging cities, including Daniel Burnham's proposals to cut radial boulevards through the chequerboards of San Francisco and Chicago. Published accounts of these projects offered opportunities for professionals to study what had been proposed and to reflect on their merits. Most designs of that period emphasised the importance broad radial avenues or boulevards, sometimes combined with one or more ring roads.

Even members of the English Garden City movement used formal design elements in many of their plans. These included portions of Letchworth, the first garden city, Hampstead Garden Suburb, the most widely-visited example of large scale neighbourhood planning in Britain, and Ruislip, the largest town planning project prepared after passage of the first British town planning legislation in 1909.

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